1. Define the terms: cation and anion.

2. Classify the following as cations or anions:
Na⁺, O^2-, Cl^-, Ca²⁺, N^3-, K⁺, Mg²⁺, ^-OH

3. Explain the formation of Li⁺ ion from Li atom.

4. How would you explain the bonding in MgCl₂?

5. Which of the following statements are correct for ionic compounds:
i) They are insoluble in water.
ii) They are neutral in nature.
iii) They have high melting points.

6. State three characteristic properties of ionic compounds.

7. How does a covalent bond form?

8. What is the number of bonds present in the following molecules?
i) Cl ₂
ii) N₂
iii) O₂

9. Classify the following statements as true or false:
i) Ionic compounds contain ions which are held together by weak electrostatic forces.
ii) Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
iii) Covalent compounds are good conductors of electricity.
iv) Sodium chloride is a good conductor of electricity.

10. Classify the following compounds as ionic or covalent:
i) sodium chloride
ii) calcium chloride
iii) oxygen
iv) hydrogen chloride
v) magnesium oxide
vi) nitrogen

11. Classify the following molecules as polar or non-polar:
i) H₂ (ii) HCl (iii) O₂ (iv) H₂O

12. Why is hydrogen bonding important? Give two examples.

13. Name the type of bonds present in H₂O molecule.

14. Explain electron sea model of bonding in metals